Against और With; By और With का प्रयोग (Explained in Hindi)

1. Against & With

A) यदि किसी verb का use प्रतियोगिताओं जैसे कि competition, final, game, match, play, semi-final, आदि के लिए होता है तो preposition ‘against’ का use किया जाता है; ‘with’ का नहीं; जैसे

INCORRECT: India competed with Pakistan in the semi-final.
CORRECT: India competed against Pakistan in the semi-final.

INCORRECT: Delhi’s match with Mumbai was cancelled.
CORRECT: Delhi’s match against Mumbai was cancelled.

NOTE: परन्तु यदि यदि किसी verb का use प्रतियोगिताओं के लिए नहीं किया जा रहा हो तो  preposition ‘with’ का use किया जाता है; जैसे

INCORRECT: All my friends play tennis and sometimes we play against each other in competitions.
CORRECT: All my family play tennis and sometimes we play with each other in competitions.

B) When we don’t use ‘against’

i) किसी समस्या को दूर करने के लिए किये जाने वाले किसी कार्य के लिए preposition ‘about’ का use किया जाता है ‘against का नहीं; जैसे

INCORRECT: There was so much noise in the restaurant that we had to ask waiter to do something against it.
CORRECT: There was so much noise in the restaurant that we had to ask waiter to do something about it.

ii) किसी विरोधाभास (contrast) को जताने के लिए अभिव्यक्ति ‘contrary to’, ‘in contrast to’ और ‘compared with’, आदि को use किया जाता है ‘against’ का नहीं; जैसे

INCORRECT: Her opinion is against mine.
CORRECT: Her opinion is contrary to mine.

iii) औषधि (medication) के सन्दर्भ में preposition ‘against’ का use नहीं किया जाता; जैसे

INCORRECT: Have you got something against a headache?
CORRECT: Have you got something for a headache?

2. By & With

उपकरणों/साधनों (instruments) के लिए preposition ‘with’ का use किया जाता है जबकि कार्य के करने वाले के लिए (performer of the action) ‘by’ का; जैसे

INCORRECT: She cut the banana in two halves by a knife.
CORRECT: She cut the banana in two halves with a knife.

For more chapters/topics on English Grammar read the following book authored by me.

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For English Practice Sets on various topics read the following book authored by me.

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Against & With; By & With (Explained in English)

1. Against & With

A) With verbs and nouns connected with sport and competitions, such as competition, final, game, match, play, semi-final we use ‘against (not ‘with’); e.g.

INCORRECT: India competed with Pakistan in the semi-final.
CORRECT: India competed against Pakistan in the semi-final.

INCORRECT: Delhi’s match with Mumbai was cancelled.
CORRECT: Delhi’s match against Mumbai was cancelled.

NOTE: However if it’s not a sport competition we use ‘with’; e.g.

INCORRECT: All my friends play tennis and sometimes we play against each other in competitions.
CORRECT: All my family play tennis and sometimes we play with each other in competitions.

B) When we don’t use AGAINST

i) To refer to taking action to solve problems we use ‘about’ (not ‘against’); e.g.

INCORRECT: There was so much noise in the restaurant that we had to ask waiter to do something against it.
CORRECT: There was so much noise in the restaurant that we had to ask waiter to do something about it.

ii) To make contrasts we use expressions such as ‘contrary to’, ‘in contrast to’ and  ‘compared with’ (not ‘against’); e.g.

INCORRECT: Her opinion is against mine.
CORRECT: Her opinion is contrary to mine.

iii) We don’t use ‘against’ to talk about medication; e.g.

INCORRECT: Have you got something against a headache?
CORRECT: Have you got something for a headache?

2. By & With

We use ‘with’ for an instrument, and we use ‘by’ for the performer of the action; e.g.

INCORRECT: She cut the banana in two halves by a knife.
CORRECT: She cut the banana in two halves with a knife.

For more chapters/topics on English Grammar read the following book authored by me.

Link for buying the above book

For English Practice Sets on various topics read the following book authored by me.

Link for buying the above book