Bed, Back, Ability, Enough, Abroad (EXPLAINED IN HINDI)

1. BED

A) Get up = सो कर उठाना. इसलिए verb GET UP के साथ word BED use नहीं किया जाता; जैसे

INCORRECT: Every morning I have to get up from my bed very early.
CORRECT: Every morning I have to get up very early.

B) निम्नलिखित अभिव्यक्तियों (expressions) को किसी adjective (my, his, the, etc.) के साथ use नहीं किया जाता:

Stay in bed

Go to bed

Get out of bed

Lie in bed

Be in bed

INCORRECT: I decided to stay in my bed this morning.
CORRECT: I decided to stay in bed this morning.

INCORRECT: I never go to my bed before 11 p.m.
CORRECT: I never go to bed before 11 p.m.

COMPARE
“Who’s been sleeping in my bed?” asked my father.

[इस वाक्य में BED से पहले adjective MY का use सही हुआ है क्योंकि verb SLEEP है; ऊपर दी गयी अभिव्यक्तियों में से कोई नहीं.]

2. BACK

BACK SIDE  कहना गलत होता है; सिर्फ BACK कहा जाता है; जैसे

INCORRECT: Paste your time table on the back side of the door of your room.
CORRECT: Paste your time table on the back of the door of your room.

INCORRECT: Sign on the back side of the prescription form.
CORRECT: Sign on the back of the prescription form.

3. ABILITY

शुद्ध अभिव्यक्ति ‘Ability to do something’ होती है; ‘Ability of doing something’ नहीं; जैसे

a) Nobody doubts his ability to get the project finished in time.
b) Your ability to work under pressure is great.

INCORRECT: These machines are destroying our ability of thinking.
CORRECT: These machines are destroying our ability to think.

NOTE-I: ‘Ability in a language/subject’ होती है; OF नहीं; जैसे

INCORRECT: Ruchika has demonstrated considerable ability of Mathematics.
CORRECT: Ruchika has demonstrated considerable ability in Mathematics.

NOTE-II: शुद्ध रूप reading/writing/teaching/acting ability होता है; OF READING, etc. नहीं; जैसे

Her acting ability was recognized at a very early age.

INCORRECT: I want to improve my ability of reading.
CORRECT: I want to improve my reading ability.

4. ENOUGH

Word ENOUGH adjective भी हो सकता है और adverb भी. ENOUGH का अर्थ होता है: जितने की हमें जरूरत है उतना; या जितना चाहिए उससे अधिक. एक adjective के रूप में ENOUGH nouns के पहले रखा जाता है; और यदि noun countable हो तो उसकी form plural होती है. और जब ये word adverb का काम करता है तो इसको adjectives और अन्य adverbs के बाद में use किया जाता है; जैसे

a) There aren’t enough bedrooms for the family here in this house. (यहाँ word ENOUGH एक adjective का काम कर रहा है क्योंकि इसे noun bedrooms के पहले use किया गया है.)

b) I haven’t had enough exercise yet. (यहाँ word ENOUGH एक adjective का काम कर रहा है क्योंकि इसे noun exercise के पहले use किया गया है.)

c) This room is big enough for her. (यहाँ word ENOUGH एक adverb का काम कर रहा है क्योंकि इसे adjective BIG के बाद use किया गया है.)

d) We have a long enough list for sending invitations. (यहाँ word ENOUGH एक adverb का काम कर रहा है क्योंकि इसे adjective LONG के बाद use किया गया है.)

INCORRECT: Is this box enough big for all those books?
CORRECT: Is this box big enough for all those books?

NOTE-I: ENOUGH के पहले adjective/adverb की positive degree use की जाती है; comparative या superlative degree नहीं; जैसे

INCORRECT: This room is bigger/biggest enough for her.
CORRECT: This room is big enough for her.

NOTE-II: ENOUGH अथवा  ‘ENOUGH + NOUN’ को किसी negative sentence के subject के रूप में use नहीं किया जाता, NOT ENOUGH का use किया जाता है; जैसे

INCORRECT: Enough people didn’t come.
CORRECT: Not enough people came.

NOTE-III: ENOUGH को adjectives (the, my, आदि) से शुरू होनी nouns के पहले use नहीं किया जाता, और ना ही किसी pronoun (us, them, आदि) के पहले. इसकी बजाय हम ENOUGH OF का use करते हैं; जैसे

INCORRECT: You haven’t eaten enough your dinner, Ranjan.
CORRECT: You haven’t eaten enough of your dinner, Ranjan.

INCORRECT: There weren’t enough them.
CORRECT: There weren’t enough of them.

NOTE-IV: ENOUGH के साथ THAT-CLAUSE का use नहीं किया जाता; जैसे

INCORRECT: She is intelligent enough that she can solve this question.
CORRECT: She is intelligent enough to solve this question.

5. ABROAD

Word ABROAD के पहले preposition FROM के अतरिक्त कोई अन्य preposition use नहीं किया जाता; जैसे

INCORRECT: Since my childhood, I’ve always wanted to go to abroad.
CORRECT: Since my childhood, I’ve always wanted to go abroad.

INCORRECT: I would like to continue my studies in abroad.
CORRECT: I would like to continue my studies abroad.

She came back from abroad last Sunday.

Bed, Back, Ability, Enough, Abroad (EXPLAINED IN ENGLISH)

1. BED

A) Get up = to get out of bed and start your day. So we don’t use the word BED with GET UP; e.g.

INCORRECT: Every morning I have to get up from my bed very early.
CORRECT: Every morning I have to get up very early.

B) We use the following expressions without an adjective (my, his, the, etc.):

Stay in bed

Go to bed

Get out of bed

Lie in bed

Be in bed

INCORRECT: I decided to stay in my bed this morning.
CORRECT: I decided to stay in bed this morning.

INCORRECT: I never go to my bed before 11 p.m.
CORRECT: I never go to bed before 11 p.m.

COMPARE
“Who’s been sleeping in my bed?” asked my father.

[Here MY before BED is correct as here the verb is SLEEP, not anyone of the one said above.]

2. BACK

We do not say BACK SIDE, we say BACK; e.g.

INCORRECT: Paste your time table on the back side of the door of your room.
CORRECT: Paste your time table on the back of the door of your room.

INCORRECT: Sign on the back side of the prescription form.
CORRECT: Sign on the back of the prescription form.

3. ABILITY

We say ‘Ability to do something’ (not OF DOING); e.g.

a) Nobody doubts his ability to get the project finished in time.
b) Your ability to work under pressure is great.

INCORRECT: These machines are destroying our ability of thinking.
CORRECT: These machines are destroying our ability to think.

NOTE-I: We say ‘Ability in a language/subject’ (not OF); e.g.

INCORRECT: Ruchika has demonstrated considerable ability of Mathematics.
CORRECT: Ruchika has demonstrated considerable ability in Mathematics.

NOTE-II: We say reading/writing/teaching/acting ability (not OF READING, ETC.); e.g.

Her acting ability was recognized at a very early age.

INCORRECT: I want to improve my ability of reading.
CORRECT: I want to improve my reading ability.

4. ENOUGH

We use ENOUGH to mean ‘as much as we need or want’ or ‘more than is wanted’. As adjective you can use ENOUGH in front of a noun, not after. If the noun is countable, it must be in the plural. As adverb you use ENOUGH after an adjective or adverb, not before; e.g.

a) There aren’t enough bedrooms for the family here in this house. (adjective)
b) I haven’t had enough exercise yet. (adjective)
c) This room is big enough for her. (adverb)
d) We have a long enough list for sending invitations. (adverb)

INCORRECT: Is this box enough big for all those books?
CORRECT: Is this box big enough for all those books?

NOTE-I: The degree of the adjective/adverb must be positive (not COMPARATIVE or SUPERLATIVE); e.g.

INCORRECT: This room is bigger/biggest enough for her.
CORRECT: This room is big enough for her.

NOTE-II: Don’t use ENOUGH, or ‘ENOUGH + NOUN’, as the subject of a negative sentence, you use NOT ENOUGH; e.g.

INCORRECT: Enough people didn’t come.
CORRECT: Not enough people came.

NOTE-III: We don’t use ENOUGH immediately before a noun phrase beginning with an adjective (the, my, etc.), or before a pronoun (us, them, etc). Instead we use ENOUGH OF; e.g.

INCORRECT: You haven’t eaten enough your dinner, Ranjan.
CORRECT: You haven’t eaten enough of your dinner, Ranjan.

INCORRECT: There weren’t enough them.
CORRECT: There weren’t enough of them.

NOTE-IV: We don’t use a THAT-CLAUSE after ENOUGH when we say what is needed for something to be possible; e.g.

INCORRECT: She is intelligent enough that she can solve this question.
CORRECT: She is intelligent enough to solve this question.

5. ABROAD

We do not use any preposition like TO, AT, IN, ETC. before ABROAD; e.g.

INCORRECT: Since my childhood, I’ve always wanted to go to abroad.
CORRECT: Since my childhood, I’ve always wanted to go abroad.

INCORRECT: I would like to continue my studies in abroad.
CORRECT: I would like to continue my studies abroad.

NOTE: The only preposition that is used before ABROAD is FROM; e.g.

She came back from abroad last Sunday.

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