‘CAN’T HELP & CAN’T HELP BUT’ & ‘Too – To & So – That’ EXPLAINED IN HINDI

1. ‘Can’t help’ & ‘Can’t help but’

CAN’T HELP के बाद gerund (ing form) को use किया जाता है; जबकि CAN’T HELP BUT के बाद bare infinitive (V1 without TO) को use किया जाता है; जैसे

a) A child can’t bear living alone.
b) She can’t help laughing at your foolishness.
c) I can’t help but laugh

2.  ‘Too – To’ & ‘So – That’.

संरचना ‘TOO — TO’ का use तब किया जाता है जब किसी वाक्य का अर्थ नकारात्मक (negative) होता है. संरचना ‘TOO – TO’ को संरचना ‘SO – THAT’ में भी बदला जा सकता है. ‘SO – THAT’ वाली संरचना में SO को adjective/adverb के पहले use किया जाता है; और इसके बाद THAT-CLAUSE का use किया जाता है. उस   THAT-CLAUSE कि verb हमेशा negative होती है; जैसे

She is too weak to climb a tree.
= She is so weak that she cannot climb a tree.

He spoke too quickly to be understood.
= He spoke so quickly that it couldn’t be understood.

NOTE-I: संरचना ‘TOO — TO’ में यदि TO-V¹ का subject वाक्य के पहले वाले subject से भिन्न है जो understood ही होता है तो इस संरचना को ‘SO – THAT’ वाली संरचना में बदलते समय इस subject को आमतौर पर THAT के बाद use किया जाता है; अथवा TO-V¹ को passive form में बदल दिया जाता है; जैसे

He spoke too quickly to be understood. (संरचना ‘TOO — TO’)
= He spoke so quickly that nobody could understand it.
= He spoke so quickly that it couldn’t be understood.

NOTE-II: सकारात्मक संदर्भों (positive contexts) के लिए संरचना VERY – TO use की जाती है, संरचना TOO — TO नहीं; जैसे

INCORRECT: She is too happy to meet me.
CORRECT: She is very happy to meet me.

‘CAN’T HELP & CAN’T HELP BUT’ & ‘Too – To & So – That’ EXPLAINED IN ENGLISH

1. ‘Can’t help’ & ‘Can’t help but’

After CAN’T HELP we use the gerund (ing form); whereas after CAN’T HELP BUT we use the bare infinitive (V1 without TO); e.g.

a) A child can’t bear living alone.
b) She can’t help laughing at your foolishness.
c) I can’t help but laugh

2.  ‘Too – To’ & ‘So – That’.

‘TOO — TO’ is used when the meaning of the sentence is negative. ‘TOO – TO’ construction can be changed into the ‘SO – THAT’ construction. In this construction we use SO with the adjective/adverb and after it we use THAT-CLAUSE. In the THAT-CLAUSE the verb is always negative; e.g.

She is too weak to climb a tree.
= She is so weak that she cannot climb a tree.

He spoke too quickly to be understood.
= He spoke so quickly that it couldn’t be understood.

NOTE-I: In structure ‘TOO — TO’ if the subject of TO-V¹ (which is always understood) is different from the first subject of the sentence, then while changing it into the construction ‘SO – THAT’ that understood subject is generally placed after THAT; or TO-V1 is converted into the passive form; e.g.

He spoke too quickly to be understood. (संरचना ‘TOO — TO’)
= He spoke so quickly that nobody could understand it.
= He spoke so quickly that it couldn’t be understood.

NOTE-II: For positive contexts we use VERY – TO, not TOO — TO; e.g.

INCORRECT: She is too happy to meet me.
CORRECT: She is very happy to meet me.

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