CONJUNCTIONS OF PAIRS (NOT ONLY — BUT ALSO, ETC.) — EXPLAINED IN HINDI

कुछ conjunctions जोड़े में use किये जाते हैं; उनमें से कुछ ये हैं:

1. Not only – but also	2. Either – or	3. Neither – nor	4. Both – and
5. Whether – or

Conjunctions of pairs का use दो nouns, दो adjectives, दो adverbs, दो gerunds, दो phrases अथवा दो clauses को join करने के लिए किया जाता है; अर्थात ये एक ही तरह की दो grammatical items को जोड़ने के लिए use किये जाते हैं. दूसरे शब्दों join की जाने वाली दोनों items या तो noun होनी चाहियें, या दोनों verb होनी चाहियें, या दोनों adjective, आदि. इन conjunctions के प्रत्येक word को उन join किये जाने वाली items के तुरंत पहले रखा जाना चाहिए; जैसे

a) He visited not only Agra, but also Delhi.

(इस वाक्य में conjunction ‘not only — but also’ do nouns Agra और Delhi को join कर रहा है. और हम देख रहे हैं कि ‘not only’ को पहली noun Agra और ‘but also’ को दूसरी noun Delhi के तुरंत पहले रखा है.)

b) Either take it or receive it. (इस वाक्य में conjunction ‘either — or’ दो verbs ‘take’ और ‘receive’ को join कर रहा है.)

c) The band not only played instruments, but also danced. (इस वाक्य में conjunction ‘not only — but also’ दो verbs ‘played’ और ‘danced’ को join कर रहा है.)

d) It is neither beautiful nor attractive. (इस वाक्य में conjunction ‘neither — nor’ दो adjectives ‘beautiful’ और ‘attractive’ को join कर रहा है.)

e) I both respect and admire him. (इस वाक्य में conjunction ‘both — and’ दो verbs ‘respect’ और ‘admire’ को join कर रहा है.)

f) The directors wanted both to win and to receive recognition for their work. (इस वाक्य में conjunction ‘both — and’ दो infinitives ‘to win’ और ‘to receive’ को join कर रहा है.)

g) I do not care whether you go or stay. (इस वाक्य में conjunction ‘whether — or’ दो clauses ‘you go’ और ‘you stay’ को join कर रहा है; जिसमें दूसरे clause का subject you understood है.)

h) We asked not only what the children had learnt but also how they had learnt it. (इस वाक्य में conjunction ‘not only — but also’ दो clauses ‘what the children had learnt’ और ‘how they had learnt it’ को join कर रहा है.)

i) We walked through the hills not only when it was sunny, but also when it was raining. (इस वाक्य में conjunction ‘not only — but also’ दो clauses ‘when it was sunny’ और ‘when it was raining’ को join कर रहा है.)

j) I’ve taught English not only in India, but also in other countries. (इस वाक्य में conjunction ‘not only — but also’ दो prepositional phrases ‘in India’ और ‘in other countries’ को join कर रहा है.)

INCORRECT: He is not only a great football player, but also plays hockey well.
CORRECT: He is not only a great football player, but also a good hockey player.

INCORRECT: He ate not only the pizza, but also the soda.
CORRECT: He not only ate the pizza, but also drank the soda.

[इस वाक्य में हालाँकि PIZZA और SODA दोनों ही noun हैं; लेकिन इन दोनों को हम ऐसे join नहीं कर सकते जिस तरह वाक्य में इनको किया गया है क्योंकि PIZZA को खाया जाता है जबकि SODA को पीया जाता है. इसलिए इस वाक्य को जिस प्रकार से दिखाया गया है उस तरह से correct किये जाने की आवश्यकता है.]

NOTE-I: जब हम दो clauses को जोड़ते हैं तो अपनी बात को बलपूर्सवक कहने के लिए हम किसी वाक्य को ‘not only – but also’ जैसे negative conjunctions से शुरू कर सकते हैं; अगर हम ऐसा करते हैं तो पहले clause के subject-verb को invert कर दिया जाता है; अर्थात helping verb को subject से पहले रखा जाता है; जैसे

a) Ram not only is going to Mumbai, but he’s also going to Goa.
= Not only is Ram going to Mumbai, but he’s also going to Goa.

b) She not only apologized but also sent me a card.
= Not only did she apologize but also sent me a card.

c) Ram is neither going to Mumbai, he is nor going to Goa.
= Neither is Ram going to Mumbai, nor is he going to Goa. 

लेकिन conjunction ‘neither — nor’ के use करने की स्थिति में दूसरे clause के subject-verb को भी invert किया जाता है क्योंकि ‘nor’ भी negative word है; ऊपर दिए गये वाक्य ‘c’ को देखिये.  

NOTE-II: लेकिन जब ये conjunctions words अथवा phrases (not clauses) को जोड़ते हैं, और कोई वाक्य इनसे शुरू होता है तो subject-verb को invert नहीं किया जाता; जैसे

Not only you but also I applauded the performance. (Joining two pronouns YOU and I)

 NOTE-III: जब हम इन conjunctions का use करते हैं तो दोनों verbs की form एक जैसी ही होनी चाहिए; जैसे

INCORRECT: She did not only type the letter but also posted it.
CORRECT: She not only typed the letter but also posted it.

NOTE-IV: ‘Both’ के साथ ‘and’ का use किया जाता है; ‘as well as’, ‘else’, आदि का नहीं; जैसे

INCORRECT: She both respects as well as admires me.
CORRECT: She both respects and admires me.

1. NOT ONLY – BUT ALSO

A) ‘But’ के साथ ‘also’ का use हमेशा आवश्यक नहीं होता; अपनी बात को  बलपूर्वक कहने के लिए इसकी अपेक्षा ‘too’ अथवा ‘as well’ का use भी किया जा सकता है; लेकिन तब ‘too’ अथवा ‘as well’ को दूसरे वाले clause के अंत में किया जाता है; जैसे

They were not only friendly, but also helpful.
= They were not only friendly, but helpful too/as well.

B) दूसरे वाले clause में यदि subject और verb दोनों का use हुआ है तो ‘but’ को हटाया भी जा सकता है; ऐसी स्थिति में फिर ‘also’, ‘too’, ‘as well’ का use किया जाता है. अगर हम ‘also’ का use करना चाहते हैं तो इसको subject के बाद में use किया जाता है; और यदि ‘too’ या ‘as well’ का use करना चाहते है तो इनको दूसरे वाले clause  के अंत में use किया जाता है; जैसे

i) He not only raises dogs, but he also takes care of cats.
= He not only raises dogs, he also takes care of cats.
= He not only raises dogs, he takes care of cats too/as well.

ii) I enjoy English because it is not only useful, but it is also interesting.
= I enjoy English because it is not only useful, it is also interesting.
= I enjoy English because it is not only useful, it is interesting too/as well.

NOTE-I: ‘But’ के use के साथ ‘also’, ‘too’, ‘as well’ का use तभी किया जाता है जब join की जाने वाली items अलग-अलग item होती हैं; परन्तु join की जाने वाली items जब एक ही item होती है तो ‘but’ अकेला use किया जाता है; जैसे

Compare:
a) We saw not only an executive but also the chief executive.

(इस वाक्य में ‘but’ के साथ ‘also’ का भी use हुआ है; इसलिए ‘executive’ और ‘chief executive’ दो अलग व्यक्ति हैं.)

b) He is not only an executive but the chief executive.

(इस वाक्य में ‘but’ के साथ ‘also’ का use नहीं हुआ है; इसलिए ‘executive’ और ‘chief executive’ एक ही व्यक्ति है.)

C) ‘Not only — but also’ की जगह ‘not just — but also’ का use भी समान रूप से शुद्ध होता है; जैसे

It was not only fun, but also educational.
= It was not just fun, but also educational.

D) जब ‘but’ अथवा ‘but also’ से दो clauses को join किया जाता है तो इन दोनों को ही वाक्य से हटाया जा सकता है और इनकी जगह कोई उपयुक्त pronoun use की जाती है एवं clause के अंत में ‘too’ अथवा ‘as well’ का use किया जाता है; जैसे

a) Nisha not only came to the party but also brought her mother.
= Nisha not only came to the party but brought her mother too/as well.
= Nisha not only came to the party, she brought her mother too/as well.

b) My interest in this magazine not only continued, but also increased.
= My interest in this magazine not only continued, but increased too/as well.
= My interest in this magazine not only continued, it increased too/as well.

E) ‘Not only — but also’ से जब ऐसे दो clauses को join किया जाता है जिनके subject अलग-अलग हों तो वो वाक्य ‘not only’ से शुरू किया जाता है; जैसे

a) Not only was Vaibhav late, but also Sunita was late.
b) Not only were the transporters at strike, but also my car was out of order.

F) ‘Not only — but also’ से जब दो infinitives को join किया जाता है तो ऐसा निम्न प्रकार से किया जाता है:

Not only  + to-infinitive ——– but also + to-infinitive
OR
To + not only + infinitive without TO’ ——–  but also + infinitive without TO

a) It is important not only to know the truth in general, but also to speak the truth in particular.
= It is important to not only know the truth in general, but also speak the truth in particular.

b) The directors wanted not only to win but also to receive recognition for their work.
= The directors wanted to not only win but also receive recognition for their work.

2 & 3. ‘EITHER – OR’/‘NEITHER – NOR’

 A) ‘Neither — nor’ के बाद verb सकारात्मक (affirmative) use की जाती है; नकारात्मक (negative) नहीं; जैसे

INCORRECT: Neither Ram nor she couldn’t solve the question.
CORRECT: Neither Ram nor she could solve the question.

B) जब हम दो clauses को Conjunction ‘neither — nor’ से join करते हैं और वाक्य को ‘neither’ से शुरू करते हैं तो पहले और दूसरे दोनों clauses के subject-verb को invert किया जाता है क्योंकि ‘nor’ भी एक negative word है; अर्थात helping verb को subject से पहले रखा जाता है; जैसे

INCORRECT: Pinki is not here, neither/nor I could find her in the park.
CORRECT: Pinki is not here, neither/nor could I find her in the park.

INCORRECT: Neither Ram is going to Mumbai, nor he is going to Goa.
CORRECT: Neither is Ram going to Mumbai, nor is he going to Goa.

C) Conjunction ‘either — or’ का use किसी negative verb के साथ नहीं किया जा सकता; इसका use सिर्फ affirmative और interrogative verbs के साथ ही किया जा सकता है; जैसे

INCORRECT: Can’t you either write or type this document for me?
CORRECT: Can you either write or type this document for me?

D) ‘Neither’ जब subject position में न हो तो ‘neither — nor’ के स्थान पर ‘not either — or’ का use किया जा सकता है.

The watch is neither attractive nor inexpensive.
= The watch is not either attractive or inexpensive.

INCORRECT: Either threats or arguments had not any effect on her.
CORRECT:  Neither threats nor arguments had any effect on her.

4. WHETHER — OR

Conjunction ‘Whether — or’ का use तब किया जाता है हमें दिए गये दो विकल्पों में से किसी भी एक का चुनाव करना होता है अथवा बताना होता है. ‘Whether’ का use पहले विकल्प के पहले किया जाता है और ‘or’ को दूसरे विकल्प से पहले; जैसे ; जैसे .

a) I am unable to think whether to write it or type it.
b) He was failed to know whether Pooja was laughing or crying.

NOTE-I: इस use में आप ‘whether’ के स्थान पर ‘that’  या किसी शब्द का  use करना अशुद्ध होता है; जैसे

a) I’m going, whether she likes it or not.
b) Someone has to tell her, whether it’s you or me.
c) Let’s face it – you’re going to be late whether you go by bus or train.

INCORRECT: I don’t know that he will come or not.
CORRECT: I don’t know whether he will come or not.

NOTE-II: जब दोनों विकल्प (alternatives) एक-दूसरे के एकदम से विपरीत होते हैं तो दूसरे विकल्प का उल्लेख किया भी जा सकता है और नहीं भी; जैसे

I don’t know whether he is in or out.
= I don’t know whether he is in.

Pooja wondered whether Rita had been happy or sad.
= Pooja wondered whether Rita had been happy.

NOTE-III: जब दोनों clauses का subject एक ही होता है तो हम या तो ‘whether to + V1’ का use करते हैं या फिर ‘whether + clause’ का; लेकिन जब subject अलग-अलग होते हैं तो ‘whether + clause’ का ही use किया जा सकता है, ‘to + V1’ का नहीं; जैसे

SAME SUBJECT:
I’m not sure whether I’ll take tea or coffee.
= I’m not sure whether to take tea or coffee.

DIFFERENT SUBJECT:
I’m not sure whether he’ll stay here for dinner or go somewhere else. 

5. WHETHER – OR NOT

दिए गये विकल्प के अतरिक्त दूसरे वाले विकल्प के चुनाव के लिए Conjunction ‘whether — or not’ अथवा ‘whether or not’ का use किया जाता है. ‘Or not’ को या तो ‘whether’ के तुरंत साथ use किया जाता है या फिर वाक्य के अंत में; जैसे

a) I’m undecided whether to go there or not.
= I’m undecided whether or not to go there.

b) She didn’t ask whether we wanted to come or not.
= She didn’t ask whether or not we wanted to come.

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CONJUNCTIONS OF PAIRS (NOT ONLY — BUT ALSO, ETC.) — EXPLAINED IN ENGLISH

Some conjunctions as below are used in pairs:

1. Not only – but also	2. Either – or	3. Neither – nor	4. Both – and
5. Whether – or

They join pairs of two nouns, two verbs, two adjectives, two adverbs, two gerunds, two phrases or two clauses. In other words we can say that the two connected items must be similar in kind, means either both should be nouns or both verbs, and like that. Each of the words of such conjunctions should be placed immediately before the words to be joined; e.g.

a) He visited not only Agra, but also Delhi. (Here the conjunction is ‘not only – but also’; And it’s joining Agra and Delhi. We see that both Agra and Delhi are nouns and each of the words of this conjunction is placed immediately before each of these nouns.)

b) Either take it or receive it. (joining two verbs ‘take’ and ‘receive’)

c) The band not only played instruments, but also danced. (joining two verbs ‘played’ and ‘danced’)

d) It is neither beautiful nor attractive. (joining two adjectives ‘beautiful’ and ‘attractive’)

e) I both respect and admire him. (joining two verbs ‘respect’ and ‘admire’)

f) The directors wanted both to win and to receive recognition for their work. (joining two infinitives ‘to win’ and to receive’)

g) I do not care whether you go or stay. (Here ‘whether — or’ is joining two clauses ‘you go’ and ‘you stay’, where the subject of the second clause i.e. ‘you’ is understood; it’s not joining two verbs ‘go’ and ‘stay’.)

h) We asked not only what the children had learnt but also how they had learnt it. (joining two clauses ‘what the children had learnt’ and ‘how they had learnt it’)

i) We walked through the hills not only when it was sunny, but also when it was raining. (joining two clauses ‘when it was sunny’ and ‘when it was raining’)

j) I’ve taught English not only in India, but also in other countries. (joining two prepositional phrases ‘in India’ and ‘in other countries’)

INCORRECT: He is not only a great football player, but also plays hockey well.
CORRECT: He is not only a great football player, but also a good hockey player.

INCORRECT: He ate not only the pizza, but also the soda.
CORRECT: He not only ate the pizza, but also drank the soda.

[In the sentence above though both PIZZA and SODA are nouns, you can’t join them in the manner shown above as PIZZA is eaten and SODA is drunk. Therefore we need to make it correct as shown.]

NOTE-I: While joining two clauses, negative conjunctions such as ‘not only – but also’ and ‘neither — nor’ for emphasis can begin a sentence or clause. If so the verb is inverted, means we use the interrogative form of the verb; e.g.

Ram not only is going to Mumbai, but he’s also going to Goa.
= Not only is Ram going to Mumbai, but he’s also going to Goa.

She not only apologized but also sent me a card.
=Not only did she apologize but also sent me a card.

Ram is neither going to Mumbai, he is nor going to Goa.
= Neither is Ram going to Mumbai, nor is he going to Goa. 

But in case of ‘neither — nor’, if we begin a sentence with ‘neither’, the second clause begins with ‘nor’ and the inverted form of the verb is also used with ‘nor’ as it’s a negative word.

NOTE-II: But when these conjunctions join words/phrases (not clauses) and are used in the beginning of a sentence, we do not use a helping verb before the subject; e.g.

Not only you but also I applauded the performance. (Joining two pronouns ‘you’ and I)

 NOTE-III: The two verbs must be in the same form to make the relationship clear; e.g.

INCORRECT: She did not only type the letter but also posted it.
CORRECT: She not only typed the letter but also posted it.

NOTE-IV: ‘Both’ takes ‘and’ with it, not ‘as well as’, ‘else’, etc.; e.g.

INCORRECT: She both respects as well as admires me.
CORRECT: She both respects and admires me.

1. NOT ONLY – BUT ALSO

A) Use of ‘also’ after ‘but’ is not always necessary, and can be replaced by ‘too’ or ‘as well’. We use ‘too’ or ‘as well’ at the end of the second clause. We use them for emphasis; e.g.

They were not only friendly, but also helpful.
= They were not only friendly, but helpful too/as well.

B) If the subject and verb are present in the second clause, ‘but’ can also be removed. In that case we use ‘also’, ‘too’, ‘as well’. If we use ‘also’ we use it after the subject, if we use ‘too’ or ‘as well’ we use them in the end position; e.g.

i) He not only raises dogs, but he also takes care of cats.
= He not only raises dogs, he also takes care of cats.
= He not only raises dogs, he takes care of cats too/as well.

ii) I enjoy English because it is not only useful, but it is also interesting.
= I enjoy English because it is not only useful, it is also interesting.
= I enjoy English because it is not only useful, it is interesting too/as well.

NOTE-I: We use ‘also’, ‘too’, ‘as well’ with ‘but’ only when things to be joined are different, however we use ‘but’ alone when they are one; e.g.

Compare:
a) We saw not only an executive but also the chief executive.  (means two executives, means different things.)
b) He is not only an executive but the chief executive. (means not different things)

C) The ‘not only — but also’ construction can also be formed with similar meaning and constructions with ‘not just — but also’, but this use is not very common; e.g.

It was not only fun, but also educational.
= It was not just fun, but also educational.

D) When we join a clause with another clause beginning with any of ‘but’ and ‘but also’, we can omit them and can use a personal pronoun instead, and use ‘too’ or ‘as well’ at the end; e.g.

a) Nisha not only came to the party but also brought her mother.
= Nisha not only came to the party but brought her mother too/as well.
= Nisha not only came to the party, she brought her mother too/as well.

b) My interest in this magazine not only continued, but also increased.
= My interest in this magazine not only continued, but increased too/as well.
= My interest in this magazine not only continued, it increased too/as well.

E) When we join two clauses which have different subjects, the sentence must begin with ‘not only’; e.g.

a) Not only was Vaibhav late, but also Sunita was late.
b) Not only were the transporters at strike, but also my car was out of order.

F) When we join two infinitives with ‘not only — but also’, we do it in the following manner:

Not only — + to-infinitive – but also + to-infinitive

OR

To + not only + infinitive without TO — but — infinitive without TO — but + infinitive without TO

a) It is important not only to know the truth in general, but also to speak the truth in particular.
= It is important to not only know the truth in general, but also speak the truth in particular.

b) The directors wanted not only to win but also to receive recognition for their work.
= The directors wanted to not only win but also receive recognition for their work.

2 & 3. ‘EITHER – OR’ & ‘NEITHER – NOR’

 A) After ‘neither — nor’ the verb is affirmative, not negative; e.g.

INCORRECT: Neither Ram nor she couldn’t solve the question.
CORRECT: Neither Ram nor she could solve the question.

B) When a clause begins with ‘neither’ or ‘nor’ after a negative clause, we invert the subject and the verb after ‘neither’ and ‘nor’ (means we use the helping verb before the subject). In fact we invert the verb when a sentence begins with any negative word; e.g.

INCORRECT: Pinki is not here, neither/nor I could find her in the park.
CORRECT: Pinki is not here, neither/nor could I find her in the park.

INCORRECT: Neither Ram is going to Mumbai, nor he is going to Goa.
CORRECT: Neither is Ram going to Mumbai, nor is he going to Goa.

C) We cannot use ‘either — or’ for a negative verb, it can only be used for affirmative and interrogative verbs; e.g.

INCORRECT: Can’t you either write or type this document for me?
CORRECT: Can you either write or type this document for me?

D) When ‘neither’ is not in the subject position we can replace ‘neither — nor’ by ‘not either — or’; e.g.

The watch is neither attractive nor inexpensive.
= The watch is not either attractive or inexpensive.

INCORRECT: Either threats or arguments had not any effect on her.
CORRECT:  Neither threats nor arguments had any effect on her.

4. WHETHER — OR

We use ‘whether — or’ when we mention two or more alternatives.  We put ‘whether’ before the first alternative, and ‘or’ before the second one; e.g. 

a) I am unable to think whether to write it or type it.
b) He was failed to know whether Pooja was laughing or crying.

NOTE-I: To introduce two or more possibilities, the right pair of conjunction is ‘whether — or’; you can’t replace ‘whether’ by ‘that’ or any other things; e.g.

a) I’m going, whether she likes it or not.
b) Someone has to tell her, whether it’s you or me.
c) Let’s face it – you’re going to be late whether you go by bus or train.

INCORRECT: I don’t know that he will come or not.
CORRECT: I don’t know whether he will come or not.

NOTE-II: When the two alternatives are exactly opposite, we don’t need to mention both of  them; e.g.

I don’t know whether he is in or out.
= I don’t know whether he is in.

Pooja wondered whether Rita had been happy or sad.
= Pooja wondered whether Rita had been happy.

NOTE-III: When the subject of the two clauses is the same, we can use ‘whether to + V1’ or ‘whether + clause’. When the subjects are different, we have to use a clause, not ‘to + V1’; e.g.

SAME SUBJECT:
I’m not sure whether I’ll take tea or coffee.
= I’m not sure whether to take tea or coffee.

DIFFERENT SUBJECT:
I’m not sure whether he’ll stay here for dinner or go somewhere else. 

5. WHETHER – OR NOT

We use ‘whether — or not’ or ‘whether or not’ to give an opposite alternative. We put ‘or not’ either at the end of the sentence or immediately after ‘whether’; e.g.

a) I’m undecided whether to go there or not.
= I’m undecided whether or not to go there.

b) She didn’t ask whether we wanted to come or not.
= She didn’t ask whether or not we wanted to come.

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For English Practice Sets on various topics read the following book authored by me.

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