Each & Every; Each other & One another; Another & Other का प्रयोग (Explained in Hindi)

1. Each & Every

A) केवल दो के लिए ‘each’ use किया जाता है; जबकि दो से अधिक के लिए ‘each’ भी use किया जा सकता है और ‘every’ भी; जैसे

i) She had a bag in each hand. (क्योंकि किसी व्यक्ति के केवल दो ही हाथ होते हैं यहाँ ‘every’ का use नहीं किया जा सकता.)

ii) Each/Every member has given the dues. (अगर सदस्यों की संख्या केवल दो ही है तो ‘each’ का use होगा; और यदि सदस्यों की संख्या दो से अधिक है तो ‘each’ का use भी शुद्ध होगा और ‘every’ का भी. )

NOTE: किसी समूह में व्यक्तियों अथवा वस्तुओं की संख्या यदि सिमित (limited) है; अर्थात उनको गिना जा सकता है तो हम आमतौर पर ‘each’ का use करते हैं ‘every’ का नहीं. परन्तु यदि उनकी संख्या अनिश्चित (indefinite) है; अर्थात उनको आमतौर पर गिना नहीं जाता है तो ‘every’ का ही use होता है; ‘each’ का नहीं; जैसे

Every person in the rally was looking enthusiastic.

(इस वाक्य में ‘every’ का use है; अर्थात लोगों की संख्या इतनी है कि उनको गिना नहीं जा सकता. वास्तव में लोगों की संख्या को हमेशा ही गिना जा सकता है, परन्तु जब लाखों की भीड़ होती है तो उनको नहीं गिना जाता है और न ही उनको गिनने की आवश्यकता होती है.).

B) यदि words ‘almost’, ‘practically’, ‘nearly’, ‘without exception’ का use हो तो ‘very’ का use होता है; each’ का नहीं; जैसे

Almost every car in the car park was new.

INCORRECT: Practically each part of the banana tree is useful.
CORRECT: Practically every part of the banana tree is useful.

2. Each other & One another

‘Each other’ और ‘one other’ दोनों ही pronoun हैं. ‘Each other’ को दो व्यक्तियों के लिए use किया जाता है, और ‘one another’ को दो से अधिक के लिए; जैसे

i) Mohan and Pooja never liked each other.
ii) Everyone in the family gave one another presents. (‘Everyone’ दो से अधिक के लिए use होता है; अतः इस वाक्य में ‘one another’ का use हुआ है.)

NOTE-I: अगर वाक्य से स्पष्ट है तो ‘Each other/one another’ का प्रयोग करना आवश्यक नहीं होता; जैसे

Ram and Mohan met each other in 1993.
= Ram and Mohan met in 1993.

NOTE-II: ‘Each other’ और ‘one another’ का किसी वाक्य के subject के रूप में प्रयोग नहीं किया जा सकता. अतः यह वाक्य अशुद्ध है: Each other were ready to go to the party.

NOTE-III: ‘Each other/one another’ की अपेक्षा ‘us’ अथवा ‘ourselves’ का use नहीं किया जा सकता; जैसे

INCORRECT: We’ve known us for twelve years. OR We’ve known ourselves for twelve years.
CORRECT: We’ve known each other/one another for twelve years.

NOTE-IV: Possessive adjectives के रूप में ‘each other’s’ और ‘one another’s’ का use किया जाता है; जैसे

a) Rachna and Mansi hated each other’s husbands. (अर्थात रचना मानसी के पति से और मानसी रचना के पति से hate करती थी.)
b) They all know very little about one another’s working habits.

NOTE-V: ‘Each other’ और ‘one another’ को plural form में use नहीं किया जाता; जैसे

INCORRECT: We like each others.
CORRECT: We like each other.

3. Another & Other

A) Another और Other जब adjective होते हैं 

शब्द ‘Another’ जब एक adjective होता है तो ये singular होता है, और इसलिए इसके साथ singular noun आती है. इसकी plural form ‘other’ होती है; ‘Other’ के साथ या तो uncountable nouns use होती हैं या फिर plural nouns; जैसे

i) Would you like another banana?
ii) What other books do you need for your daughter?
iii) Some music calms people; other music has the opposite effect. (Other music = अलग तरह का music)

NOTE: एक adjective के रूप में ‘other’ के साथ singular countable noun भी use की जा सकती है; परन्तु फिर ‘other’ के पहले या तो किसी article या फिर किसी अन्य adjective का use करना पड़ता है; जैसे

INCORRECT: I don’t like this one. I prefer other shirt.
CORRECT: I don’t like this one. I prefer the other shirt.

INCORRECT: Hema is at university; other daughter is still at school.
CORRECT: Hema is at university; our other  daughter is still at school.

B) Another और Other जब pronoun होते हैं

एक pronoun के रूप में भी शब्द ‘another’ singular ही होता है. ‘Other’ को भी एक  singular pronoun के रूप में use किया जा सकता है; परन्तु फिर ‘other’ के पहले या तो किसी article या फिर किसी अन्य adjective का use करना पड़ता है. एक pronoun के रूप में इसकी plural form ‘others’ होती है’; जैसे

i) I saw the document and passed to another.
ii) He can solve this problem, more than any other.
iii) I’ll write only one letter today and I’ll write others tomorrow.

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Each & Every; Each other & One another; Another & Other (Explained in English)

1. Each & Every

A) When we speak of two we can only use ‘each’ (not ‘every’), but if we speak of more than two we can use either ‘each’ or ‘every’ without a difference in meaning; e.g.

i) She had a bag in each hand. (You cannot use ‘every’ here as a person only has two hands.)
ii) Each/Every member has given the dues. (If the number of members is two only you can use ‘each’, if the number of members is more than two you can use either ‘each’ or ‘every’.)

NOTE: When the number of things/persons in a group is limited, means they can be counted, we prefer ‘each’ (not ‘every’). But when the number of things/persons is indefinite, means can’t normally be counted, we can only use ‘every’ (not ‘each’); e.g.

Every person in the rally was looking enthusiastic. (Here the number of persons is indefinite, though limited. So we can use ‘every’ only (not ‘each’).

B) With words ‘almost’, ‘practically’, ‘nearly’, ‘without exception’ we cannot use ‘each’; with these words we can only use ‘every’; e.g.

Almost every car in the car park was new.

INCORRECT: Practically each part of the banana tree is useful.
CORRECT: Practically every part of the banana tree is useful.

2. Each other & One another

Both ‘each other’ and ‘one other’ are pronouns. They are used to show that each member of a group does something to or for the other members. ‘Each other’ is used for two persons, and ‘one another’ is used for more than two; e.g.

i) Mohan and Pooja never liked each other. (means Mohan never liked Pooja and Pooja never liked Mohan.)
ii) Everyone in the family gave one another presents. (‘Everyone’ means more than two.)

NOTE-I: ‘Each other/one another’ is often left out if the meaning is clear from the context; e.g.

Ram and Mohan met each other in 1993.
= Ram and Mohan met in 1993.

NOTE-II: ‘Each other’ and ‘one another’ cannot be used as the subject of a sentence. Therefore this sentence is incorrect: Each other were ready to go to the party.

NOTE-III: Be careful not to use ‘us’ or ‘ourselves’ instead of ‘each other/one another’; e.g.

INCORRECT: We’ve known us for twelve years. OR We’ve known ourselves for twelve years.
CORRECT: We’ve known each other/one another for twelve years.

NOTE-IV: We use ‘each other’s’ and ‘one another’s’ as possessive adjectives:

a) Rachna and Mansi hated each other’s husbands. (Means Rachna hated Mansi’s husband and Mansi hated Rachna’s husband.)
b) They all know very little about one another’s working habits.

NOTE-V: We don’t use ‘each other’ or ‘one another’ in plural form; e.g.

INCORRECT: We like each others.
CORRECT: We like each other.

3. Another & Other

Another = one extra, or an alternative or different.
Other = extra, or alternative, or different types of

A) Another/Other as adjectives

As adjective ‘another’ is singular, and therefore takes a singular noun; and plural for this is ‘other’, we use ‘other’ with uncountable nouns and plural nouns.

i) Would you like another banana?
ii) What other books do you need for your daughter?
iii) Some music calms people; other music has the opposite effect. (different types of music)

NOTE: We can use ‘other’ as an adjective before a singular countable noun also, but in this use we must put another adjective before it; e.g.

INCORRECT: I don’t like this one. I prefer other shirt.
CORRECT: I don’t like this one. I prefer the other shirt.

INCORRECT: Hema is at university; other daughter is still at school.
CORRECT: Hema is at university; our other  daughter is still at school.

B) Another/Other as pronouns

As pronoun ‘another’ again is singular. We use ‘other’ as a singular pronoun but it has an adjective before it then, and we use ‘others’ as a plural pronoun; e.g.

i) I saw the document and passed to another.
ii) He can solve this problem, more than any other.
iii) I’ll write only one letter today and I’ll write others tomorrow.

For more chapters/topics on English Grammar read the following book authored by me.

Link for buying the above book

CLICK HERE TO BUY

For English Practice Sets on various topics read the following book authored by me.

Link for buying the above book

CLICK HERE TO BUY