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Verb ‘fall’ और ‘fell’ के प्रयोग में अंतर (Explained in Hindi)

ये दोनों ही verb एक ही अर्थ में use होती हैं; परन्तु इन दोनों के प्रयोग में अंतर होता है. Verb ‘fall’ एक अकर्मक (intransitive) verb है; अर्थात ये अपने साथ कोई object नहीं लेती. Verb ‘fell’ एक सकर्मक (transitive) verb होती है; और इसलिए वाक्य में इसका कोई न कोई object होना आवश्यक होता है.

इन दोनों verbs की three forms ये होती हैं:

A) Fall/fall down = जब हम verb ‘fall’ अथवा ‘fall down’ का use करते हैं तो इसका अर्थ होता कि हम संतुलन खोने अथवा किसी अन्य कारण से अचानक गिरकर नीचे की ओर जाते हैं परन्तु शारीरिक तौर पर हमारा स्पर्श जमीन के साथ ही रहता है; जैसे

i) Toddlers often fall/fall down when they are first learning to walk.
ii) Monica slipped on the icy sidewalk and fell/fell down.
iii) Vijay tripped over a toy truck and fell/fell down.
iv) Four trees fell/fell down in the storm.
v) She fell/fell down and hurt her leg.
vi) She fell/fell down to her knees and began to weep.

NOTE-I: Fall/fall down = बरसात का होना अथवा बर्फ का गिरना; जैसे

Rain is falling/falling down at the moment.

[बर्फ जब गिरती है अथवा बरसात होती है तो verb ‘fall’ को या अतो अकेले ही use किया जाता या फिर ‘down’ के साथ (‘off’ का नहीं.) इसके साथ ‘off’ का use इसलिए नहीं किया जाता क्योंकि बर्फ अथवा पानी की बूँदें का बादलों पर ढेर नहीं लगा होता; बल्कि वे किसी कारण से बादलों से बाहर निकलती है.]

NOTE-II: Fall = आकार, संख्या, मात्रा, शक्ति, आदि में कमी आना. इस अर्थ में verb ‘fall’ के साथ preposition ‘down’ use नहीं किया जा सकता; जैसे

NOTE-III: जैसा की ऊपर कहा गया है verb ‘fall’ एक अकर्मक (intransitive) verb. होती है; और इसलिए ये अपने साथ कोई object नहीं लेती. यदि हमें किसी object को use करने की आवश्यकता है तो हम verb ‘fall’ की अपेक्षा verb ‘drop’ का use करते हैं; जैसे

INCORRECT: While going to that room she fell the glass.
CORRECT: While going to that room she dropped the glass.

INCORRECT: He bumped into a chair and fell his plate.
CORRECT: He bumped into a chair and dropped his plate.

NOTE-IV: इसी प्रकार किसी व्यक्ति को गिराने के लिए ये मत कहिये: ‘Someone falls a person.’; बल्कि ऐसा कहिये:

INCORRECT: He bumped into the girl and fell her.
CORRECT: He bumped into the girl and knocked her down/over.

NOTE-V: शब्द ‘fall’ एक noun भी होता है; जैसे

i) The constant fall of the rain resulted in floods.
ii) Mahima had a terrible fall yesterday. She’s in hospital now.

NOTE-VI: पेड़ों से जब उनकी पत्तियां झड़तीं हैं तो verb ‘fall’ के साथ preposition ‘down’ use नहीं किया जाता; जैसे

INCORRECT: As autumn came and the leaves fell down from the trees, she began to feel sad.
CORRECT: As autumn came and the leaves fell from the trees, she began to feel sad.

B) Fall/fall off = जब हम केवल जमीन पर नहीं होते बल्कि किसी अन्य वस्तु पर होते हैं जैसे कि किसी कुर्सी पर बैठे होते हैं, किसी सीढ़ी पर चढ़ रहे होते हैं, किसी मेज आदि पर उछल-कूद कर रहे होते हैं, अथवा किसी चट्टान पर खड़े होते हैं, आदि तो verb ‘fall’ अथवा ‘fall off’ का use किया जाता है; जैसे

i) Last night Aarush was acting silly. He started dancing on a table and fell/fell off.
ii) Heena was standing on a ladder trying to change a light bulb when she slipped and fell/fell off.
iii) Akshay climbed on top of the big rock in his yard and fell/fell off.
iv) My sunglasses fell/fell off and broke on the pavement.

IMPORTANT (‘fall down’ और ‘fall off’ दोनों के लिए)

NOTE-I: जब कोई व्यक्ति जिस जगह से गिरता है और उस जगह का नाम भी दिया हुआ होता है तो आवश्यकतानुसार ‘fall down’ अथवा ‘fall off’ का कहना आवश्यक होता है; सिर्फ ‘fall’ का नहीं. और यदि उस वस्तु का नाम नहीं दिया गया होता है तो verb ‘fall’ के साथ ‘down’ अथवा ‘off’ का use स्वैच्छिक (optional) होता है; जैसे

i) Alok fell down the stairs. (Object ‘stairs’ दिया हुआ है.)
ii) Vikas fell off the horse. (Object ‘horse’ दिया हुआ है.)

iii) Monica slipped on the icy sidewalk and fell. (कोई object नहीं दिया गया है.)
= Monica slipped on the icy sidewalk and fell down.

iv) My sunglasses fell and broke on the pavement. (कोई object नहीं दिया गया है.)
= My sunglasses fell off and broke on the pavement.

NOTE-II: यदि आप किसी का गिरने का starting point और ending point दोनों ही कहना चाहते हैं तो verb ‘fall down’ और ‘fall off’ में से किसी का भी use किया जा सकता है; e.g.

Abdul fell down the horse onto the ground.
= Abdul fell off the horse onto the ground.

[इस वाक्य में अब्दुल के गिरने का starting point ‘horse’ और ending point ‘ground’ दोनों ही दिए गये हैं.]

2. Fell

Verb ‘fell’ एक सकर्मक (transitive) verb होती है अतः इसके साथ किसी न किसी object का use करना आवश्यक होता है. इस verb का use निम्न दो अर्थों में होता है:

A) Fell = किसी पेड़ का गिराना; जैसे

i) They felled many trees to provide space for the metro project.
ii) They are going to fell many trees to make new ground for cattle to graze on.

B) Fell = किसी को मुक्का मारकर, धक्का मारकर, अथवा किसी और तरह से नीचे गिरा देना; जैसे

i) He eventually felled his opponent with a punch to the head.
ii) The boxer was felled by a punch to the head.

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Fall & Fell (Explained in English)

Both are different verbs. The verb ‘fall’ is intransitive and thus does not have an object. The verb ‘fell’ is transitive and thus has an object.

Three forms of these verbs:

1. Fall

A) Fall/fall down = When we use the verb ‘fall’ or ‘fall down’ it means we fall and move downwards but remain in physical contact with the ground; e.g.

i) Toddlers often fall/fall down when they are first learning to walk.
ii) Monica slipped on the icy sidewalk and fell/fell down.
iii) Vijay tripped over a toy truck and fell/fell down.
iv) Four trees fell/fell down in the storm.
v) She fell/fell down and hurt her leg.
vi) She fell/fell down to her knees and began to weep.

NOTE-I: Fall/fall down = coming down of rain or snow from the sky; e.g.

Rain is falling/falling down at the moment.

[The snow and rain fall down to earth. It would sound wrong to say that snow and rain ‘fall off’; because they’re not really ‘on’ anything. The snowflakes and raindrops aren’t piled up on top of the clouds; rather they precipitate out of the clouds.]

NOTE-II: Fall = to become lower in size, amount, or strength. In this meaning you can’t use the preposition ‘down’ with the verb ‘fall’; e.g.

NOTE-III: ‘Fall’ is an intransitive verb. So it does not have an object. If an object is needed we don’t use ‘fall, rather we say ‘drop’, etc.; e.g.

INCORRECT: While going to that room she fell the glass.
CORRECT: While going to that room she dropped the glass.

INCORRECT: He bumped into a chair and fell his plate.
CORRECT: He bumped into a chair and dropped his plate.

NOTE-IV: Similarly, don’t say that someone ‘falls’ a person; e.g.

INCORRECT: He bumped into the girl and fell her.
CORRECT: He bumped into the girl and knocked her down/over.

NOTE-V: ‘Fall’ is also a noun. As a noun its meaning is ‘move downwards; e.g.

i) The constant fall of the rain resulted in floods.
ii) Mahima had a terrible fall yesterday. She’s in hospital now.

NOTE-VI: We use ‘fall’, not ‘fall down’, when trees drop their leaves during the autumn; e.g.

INCORRECT: As autumn came and the leaves fell down from the trees, she began to feel sad.
CORRECT: As autumn came and the leaves fell from the trees, she began to feel sad.

B) Fall/fall off = We use ‘fall’ or ‘fall off’ if you were not just standing up but were on something and fall, such as you could be sitting on a chair, climbing a ladder, dancing on a table, standing on a big rock, etc. It emphasises that you were on something and are now not on it anymore; e.g.

i) Last night Aarush was acting silly. He started dancing on a table and fell/fell off.
ii) Heena was standing on a ladder trying to change a light bulb when she slipped and fell/fell off.
iii) Akshay climbed on top of the big rock in his yard and fell/fell off.
iv) My sunglasses fell/fell off and broke on the pavement.

IMPORTANT for both ‘fall down’ and ‘fall off’

NOTE-I: When name of the thing from which someone or something falls is given after the verb ‘fall’, it’s necessary to say ‘fall down/fall off’ according to the need; otherwise use of ‘down’ and ‘off’ with the verb ‘fall’ is optional; e.g.

i) Alok fell down the stairs. (The object ‘stairs’ is given.)
ii) Vikas fell off the horse. (The object ‘horse’ is given.)

iii) Monica slipped on the icy sidewalk and fell. (No object is given.)
= Monica slipped on the icy sidewalk and fell down.

iv) My sunglasses fell and broke on the pavement. (No object is given.)
= My sunglasses fell off and broke on the pavement.

NOTE-II: If you want to indicate both the starting point and the ending point of the motion, you can use either of ‘fall down’ and ‘fall off’; e.g.

Abdul fell down the horse onto the ground.
= Abdul fell off the horse onto the ground.

2. Fell

The verb ‘fell’ is transitive and thus use of an object after it is necessary. This verb is used for the following two meanings:

A) Fell = to cut down a tree; e.g.

i) They felled many trees to provide space for the metro project.
ii) They are going to fell many trees to make new ground for cattle to graze on.

B) Fell = to knock someone down with great force, especially in sports; e.g.

i) He eventually felled his opponent with a punch to the head.
ii) The boxer was felled by a punch to the head.

For more chapters/topics on English Grammar read the following book authored by me.

Link for buying the above book

For English Practice Sets on various topics read the following book authored by me.

Link for buying the above book