Question Words ‘Who, What, Which, Whose’ के साथ helping/modal verbs के use के नियम (Explained in Hindi)

जब Who, What, Which अथवा Whose में से कोई word किसी वाक्य का subject या subject का part होता है तो उसके साथ helping verbs ‘do/did’ का use नहीं किया जाता; जैसे 

INCORRECT: Who does wash the dishes?
CORRECT: Who washes the dishes?

(इस वाक्य में ‘Who’ subject है; और ‘the dishes’ object है.)

INCORRECT: Who does own this bag?
CORRECT: Who owns this bag?

INCORRECT: Who did speak to you?
CORRECT: Who spoke to you?

INCORRECT: Who did tell you I’d lend you the money?
CORRECT: Who told you I’d lend you the money?

INCORRECT: What trail does lead down the mountain?
CORRECT: What trail leads down the mountain?

INCORRECT: What did happen to your car?
CORRECT: What happened to your car?

INCORRECT: What did fall off the wall?
CORRECT: What fell off the wall?

INCORRECT: Which horse did win?
CORRECT: Which horse won?

INCORRECT: Whose team did finally win?
CORRECT: Whose team finally won?

INCORRECT: Whose phone did ring?
CORRECT: Whose phone rang?

COMPARE:

a) Which pigeon arrived first?
b) Which hand do you use?

(पहले वाक्य में subject ‘which’ है; इसलिए इसके साथ कोई helping verb use नहीं हुई है. दूसरे वाले वाक्य में ‘which’ ना तो subject है और ना ही subject का part. इस वाक्य का subject तो  ‘you’ है, और इसलिए ही helping verb ‘do’ का use किया गया है.)

NOTE-I: लेकिन इन question words का use जब किसी negative questions के subject के रूप में होता है तो helping verb ‘do/did’ का use किया जाता है यदि किसी और helping verb  अथवा किसी modal verb की जरुरत नहीं है; जैसे

Affirmative verb: Who wants an apple?
Negative verb: Who doesn’t want an apple?

Affirmative verb: Which door opened?
Negative verb: Which door didn’t open?

NOTE-II-a: लेकिन जब हम अपनी किसी बात को बलपूर्वक कहना चाहते हैं तो हम helping verb do/did का प्रयोग करते हैं बेशक से किसी वाक्य का subject wh-word वाला ही क्यों ना हो; जैसे

Who does live there?

NOTE-II-b: लेकिन जब ऐसे question का answer देने के लिए हम answer देने वाले को उत्साहित/उकसाना (encourage) चाहते हैं तो helping verb ‘do/did’ when का use किया जा सकता है; जैसे .

Come on, be honest – who did tell you?

NOTE-III: इन question words में यदि कोई word वाक्य का subject नहीं है तो हमें जरुरत के अनुसार किसी न किसी helping verb/modal verb का use अवश्य करना चाहिए; जैसे

What has she done now? (इस वाक्य का subject ‘she’ है.)

NOTE-IV: Who अथवा What जब subject हो तो verb हमेशा singular ही use होती है; जैसे

INCORRECT: Who want a cup of coffee?
CORRECT: Who wants a cup of coffee?

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Use of helping/modal verbs with Question Words ‘Who, What, Which, Whose’ (Explained in English)

When Who, What, Which or Whose is the subject or part of the subject we do not use ‘do/did’ as helping verb with it; e.g.

INCORRECT: Who does wash the dishes?
CORRECT: Who washes the dishes?

(‘Who’ is the subject; ‘the dishes’ is the object.)

INCORRECT: Who does own this bag?
CORRECT: Who owns this bag?

INCORRECT: Who did speak to you?
CORRECT: Who spoke to you?

INCORRECT: Who did tell you I’d lend you the money?
CORRECT: Who told you I’d lend you the money?

INCORRECT: What trail does lead down the mountain?
CORRECT: What trail leads down the mountain?

INCORRECT: What did happen to your car?
CORRECT: What happened to your car?

INCORRECT: What did fall off the wall?
CORRECT: What fell off the wall?

INCORRECT: Which horse did win?
CORRECT: Which horse won?

INCORRECT: Whose team did finally win?
CORRECT: Whose team finally won?

INCORRECT: Whose phone did ring?
CORRECT: Whose phone rang?

COMPARE:

1. Which pigeon arrived first?
2. Which hand do you use?

(In the first sentence ‘which’ is the subject, so no helping verb is used. In the second sentence ‘which’ is neither the subject nor part of the subject, rather the subject is ‘you’, so the helping verb ‘do’ is used.)

NOTE-I: However, when we ask negative questions with these words as subjects, we use the helping verb ‘do/did’ if no other helping verb/modal verb is required; e.g.

Affirmative verb: Who wants an apple?
Negative verb: Who doesn’t want an apple?

Affirmative verb: Which door opened?
Negative verb: Which door didn’t open?

NOTE-II-a: However, when we want to give emphasis we use a helping verb even when the wh-word is the subject of the sentence in the Simple Present or the Past Simple Tense; e.g.

Who does live there?

NOTE-II-b: Notice that we can sometimes use ‘do/did’ when Who, What, Which or Whose is subject if we want to encourage the speaker to give an answer; e.g.

Come on, be honest – who did tell you?

NOTE-III: When any of these words is not the subject we must use the helping verb/modal verb according to the requirement; e.g.

What has she done now? (‘She’ is the subject here.)

NOTE-IV: When we use Who or What as a subject, the verb is always singular; e.g.

INCORRECT: Who want a cup of coffee?
CORRECT: Who wants a cup of coffee?

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