Will & Shall, Verb HAVE, BE TO (EXPLAINED IN HINDI)

1. WILL & SHALL

A) शुद्ध future tenses में 2nd person और 3rd persons के लिए WILL का use किया जाता है जबकि 1st person के लिए SHALL का use किया जाता है; जैसे

a) We shall leave for Mumbai tomorrow.
b) She will arrange everything.
c)  You will not reach the station in time if you continue to walk at this speed.

B) किसी command, promise, threat, determination, compulsion, अथवा advice के लिए 1st person के साथ WILL का use किया जाता है; SHALL का नहीं. और 2nd person और 3rd persons के साथ SHALL का use किया जाता है, WILL का नहीं; जैसे

a I will help you definitely. (Promise)
b) I will work hard from now on. (Determination)
c) I will have to finish this work today itself. (Compulsion)
d) You shall leave immediately. (Command)
e) You shall be provided with everything at this hotel. (Promise)
f) You shall be here for the meeting. (Compulsion)
g) Trespassers shall be prosecuted. (Threat)

C) Will/Shall for commands

स्थाई नियमों और विधिनियमों (permanent rules and regulations) के लिए SHALL का use किया जाता है; WILL का नहीं चाहे कोई भी person क्यों ना हो.

a) The president of the society shall be elected every three years.
b) Any entrant shall enter his name and address in the register kept with the guard.

NOTE-I: हालांकि, दूसरी तरह के सभी नियमों और विधिनियमों (rules and regulations) के लिए SHALL की बजाय  WILL का ही use किया जाता है; जैसे

a) No one will swim here in this pond as it’s prone to very serious accidents.
b) Every team member will report to the coach if there is any problem with them.

NOTE-II: आदेशों को WILL/SHALL की अपेक्षा संरचना BE + TO-INFINITIVE से भी दिया जा सकता है; जैसे  

a) You are to be here by tomorrow evening.
b) The medical report is to be seen at all times.

NOTE-III: लिखित अनुदेशों (written instructions) में वर्णित निशेधाज्ञाओं (Prohibitions)  को ‘MAY NOT’ से भी व्यक्त किया जा सकता है; जैसे

No staff may bring mobile phones into the office.

NOTE-IV: वर्तमान समय की आदतों को आमतौर पर Present Simple Tense में व्यक्त किया जाता है; परन्तु यदि हमें कार्य करने वाले के चारित्रिक गुण पर जोर देना हो तो ऐसे में WILL का use भी किया जा सकता है; जैसे .

A policeman will usually show you the way in the street. (किसी Policeman के लिए ऐसा करना आमतौर पर एक सामान्य सी बात होती है.)

C) BE GOING TO or WILL?

BE GOING TO को वैसे ही use किया जाता है जैसे कि WILL को; लेकिन फिर भी इनके uses में कुछअंतर है. WILL को पूर्ण निश्चितता के लिए use किया जाता है जबकि BE GOING TO को तब use किया जाता जब हमें वर्तमान समय के अपने किसी निर्णय को बलपूर्वक कहना होता है; जैसे

a) I am now very late so I’m going to take the taxi.
b) I will go by bus today.

2. HAVE

A) Have = स्वामित्व होना (to possess/own)

a) She has a beautiful big house.
b) I have had this car for ten years.

NOTE-I: Verb HAVE के इस अर्थ में negative और interrogative sentences को दो तरह से बनाया जा सकता है; या तो हम DO को helping verb के रूप में use करते है; या फिर ऐसे sentence बनाने के लिए खुद HAVE का use करते हैं; जैसे

Do you have an extra pencil?
= Have you an extra pencil?

NOTE-II: Verb HAVE के इस अर्थ में HAVE को continuous form में use नहीं किया जाता; जैसे

INCORRECT: I am having a lot of friends here.
CORRECT: I have a lot of friends here.

INCORRECT: Anita is having a headache.
CORRECT: Anita has a headache.

B) Have = किसी व्यक्ति को कहीं पर लेने जाना (to receive someone), किसी बात से सहमत नहीं होना (to accept), कुछ होने के लिए आज्ञा देना (to allow something to happen) 

a) I’m going to have you at the station.
b) I won’t have you wear my shirt. (= I refuse to allow you to wear my shirt)
c) Let me have Rs 5,000 back just now.

C) Have = कुछ खाना (to take food); नहाना/कोई क्लास लेना, आदि (to take a bath/a lesson etc.), उल्लेखित action को करना

a) We had a dance and afterwards we took a meal.
b) We are having a party in the evening.
c) We are having a nice holiday here.
d) I always have a walk after dinner.
e) Why don’t you have a rest?
f) May I have a look at your collection of coins?

D) Have = कुछ होने देना (to cause something to happen); अथवा किसी व्यक्ति से कुछ करवाना; जैसे  

a) I’m having my room washed at the moment.
b) My wife had me help her stop the crying baby.
c) The movie soon had all of us crying.
d) Sumit will have it working in no time.
e) Have your trousers altered. 

E) Have = कुछ भोगना (to experience something)

a) We’re having a wonderful time here in Manali.
b) I didn’t have any difficulty locating the office.
c) He hasn’t been having much luck recently.

F) Have = बच्चे को जन्म देना (to deliver a baby)

a) Pooja had her baby in hospital.
b) My wife isn’t planning to have children in near future.

NOTE-I: BE having a baby, twins, आदि का अर्थ है गर्भवती होना; जैसे

I hear she is having a baby.

NOTE-II: Verb HAVE का अर्थ जब ऊपर वर्णित किये गये points B से F तक कोई भी होता है तो इसको continuous tenses में भी use किया जा सकता है. Verb HAVE के इन अर्थों के लिए Present Simple Tense और Past Simple Tense में इसके negative और interrogative helping verb DO/DID का use करके बनाते हैं; जैसे

a) We are having a good time here.
b) We are having eight people at the meeting.
c) My brother can’t meet you immediately, he is having a bath.
d) I am having a wonderful holiday.

INCORRECT: Has she a difficulty solving this sum.
CORRECT. Does she have a difficulty solving this sum.

INCORRECT: How many classes have you a week?
CORRECT: How many classes do you have a week?

3. BE TO 

Form ‘BE TO’ को निम्न प्रकार से use किया जाता है:

A) आदेश या अनुदेश देने के लिए (For orders or instructions); जैसे

i) I’m to stay home till my mother returns. (means I must stay)
ii) She is not to leave the office without the permission of her boss. (means She must stay)

NOTE: BE TO का use Indirect Speech में कोई अनुदेश मांगने के लिए किये गये अनुरोध (requests for instructions) के लिए भी किया जाता है; जैसे

“Where shall I put it, sir?” he asked
= He asked where he was to put it.

B) किसी पूर्व निर्धारित योजना के लिए (to say a plan); जैसे

i) He is to leave for Agra tomorrow.
ii) We are to start English classes from Monday.
iii) The Prime Minister was to have laid the foundation stone but he was taken ill so the Home Minister is doing it instead.

NOTE: किसी कारणवश हुए किसी घटना को व्यक्त करने के लिए ‘WAS/WERE TO’ का use किया जा सकता है (idea of destiny); जैसे

I met with an accident last week and got a heavy blow on the chest. It didn’t worry me initially but it was to be very serious later, (turned out to be serious)

C) Be about to

तात्कालिक भविष्य  (immediate future) में होने वाले कार्यों के लिए BE ABOUT TO का use किया जाता है. ऐसे में बात को बलपूर्वक कहने के लिए साथ में word JUST का use किया जा सकता है; अथवा BE ON THE POINT + GERUND का use भी किया जाता है; जैसे

i) I’m about to leave. (means I’ll leave just now)
ii) I’m just about to leave.
iii) I’m on the point of leaving.
iv) He was just about to dive when he saw the crocodile.

Will & Shall, Verb HAVE, BE TO (EXPLAINED IN ENGLISH)

1. WILL & SHALL

A) In pure future tenses WILL is used for 2nd person and 3rd person; whereas SHALL is used with first person; e.g.

a) We shall leave for Mumbai tomorrow.
b) She will arrange everything.
c)  You will not reach the station in time if you continue to walk at this speed.

B) To express a command, promise, threat, determination, compulsion, or advice, with first person we use WILL (not SHALL) and with second and third person we use SHALL (not WILL); e.g.

a I will help you definitely. (Promise)
b) I will work hard from now on. (Determination)
c) I will have to finish this work today itself. (Compulsion)
d) You shall leave immediately. (Command)
e) You shall be provided with everything at this hotel. (Promise)
f) You shall be here for the meeting. (Compulsion)
g) Trespassers shall be prosecuted. (Threat)

B) Will/Shall for commands 

For permanent rules and regulations we use SHALL (not WILL) even for third persons; e.g.

a) The president of the society shall be elected every three years.
b) Any entrant shall enter his name and address in the register kept with the guard.

NOTE-I: However, for other type of rules and regulations we use WILL instead of SHALL; e.g.

a) No one will swim here in this pond as it’s prone to very serious accidents.
b) Every team member will report to the coach if there is any problem with them.

NOTE-II: We can also convey orders by BE + TO-INFINITIVE construction; e.g. 

a) You are to be here by tomorrow evening.
b) The medical report is to be seen at all times.

NOTE-III: Prohibitions may be expressed in written instructions by ‘MAY NOT’; e.g.

No staff may bring mobile phones into the office.

NOTE-IV: We usually express habits in the present by the Simple Present Tense; but we can also use WILL when we wish to emphasize the characteristics of the performer rather than the action performed; e.g.

A policeman will usually show you the way in the street. (It is normal for a policeman to act in this way.)

C) BE GOING TO or WILL?

WILL is often used in a similar way to BE GOING TO. We use WILL for an absolute certainty. We use BE GOING TO when we want to emphasise our decision in the present; e.g.

a) I am now very late so I’m going to take the taxi.
b) I will go by bus today.

2. HAVE

A) Have = to possess/own

a) She has a beautiful big house.
b) I have had this car for ten years.

NOTE-I: In this meaning of HAVE we can form the negative and interrogative of sentences in two ways. We can use either DO as helping verb or use HAVE itself in forming such sentences; e.g.

Do you have an extra pencil?
= Have you an extra pencil?

NOTE-II: We don’t use HAVE in the continuous in this meaning; e.g.

INCORRECT: I am having a lot of friends here.
CORRECT: I have a lot of friends here.

INCORRECT: Anita is having a headache.
CORRECT: Anita has a headache.

B) Have = to receive someone, to accept, to allow something to happen 

a) I’m going to have you at the station.
b) I won’t have you wear my shirt. (= I refuse to allow you to wear my shirt)
c) Let me have Rs 5,000 back just now.

C) Have = to take food; to take a bath/a lesson etc., to perform the action mentioned 

a) We had a dance and afterwards we took a meal.
b) We are having a party in the evening.
c) We are having a nice holiday here.
d) I always have a walk after dinner.
e) Why don’t you have a rest?
f) May I have a look at your collection of coins?

D) Have = to cause something to happen or someone to do something; e.g. 

a) I’m having my room washed at the moment.
b) My wife had me help her stop the crying baby.
c) The movie soon had all of us crying.
d) Sumit will have it working in no time.
e) Have your trousers altered. 

E) Have = to experience something

a) We’re having a wonderful time here in Manali.
b) I didn’t have any difficulty locating the office.
c) He hasn’t been having much luck recently.

F) Have = to deliver a baby

a) Pooja had her baby in hospital.
b) My wife isn’t planning to have children in near future.

NOTE-I: be having a baby, twins, etc. means to be pregnant; e.g.

I hear she is having a baby.

NOTE-II: HAVE when used as in point B to F above can also be used in the continuous tenses. For these meanings, in the Simple Present Tense and the Simple Past Tense we make negative and interrogative of HAVE with DO/DID; e.g.

a) We are having a good time here.
b) We are having eight people at the meeting.
c) My brother can’t meet you immediately, he is having a bath.
d) I am having a wonderful holiday.

INCORRECT: Has she a difficulty solving this sum.
CORRECT. Does she have a difficulty solving this sum.

INCORRECT: How many classes have you a week?
CORRECT: How many classes do you have a week?

3. BE TO 

‘BE TO’ form can be used in the following ways: 

A) For orders or instructions; e.g.

i) I’m to stay home till my mother returns. (means I must stay)
ii) She is not to leave the office without the permission of her boss. (means She must stay)

NOTE: BE TO is also used in reporting requests for instructions; e.g.

“Where shall I put it, sir?” he asked
= He asked where he was to put it.

B) To say a plan; e.g.

i) He is to leave for Agra tomorrow.
ii) We are to start English classes from Monday.
iii) The Prime Minister was to have laid the foundation stone but he was taken ill so the Home Minister is doing it instead.

NOTE: We can express an idea of destiny by using ‘WAS/WERE TO’; e.g.

I met with an accident last week and got a heavy blow on the chest. It didn’t worry me initially but it was to be very serious later, (turned out to be serious)

C) Be about to

We use BE ABOUT TO to express the immediate future. We can add JUST or can use BE ON THE POINT + GERUND to emphasize; e.g.

i) I’m about to leave. (means I’ll leave just now)
ii) I’m just about to leave.
iii) I’m on the point of leaving.
iv) He was just about to dive when he saw the crocodile.

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